Essay on Synthesis of Aspirin - 5275 Words

The Synthesis of Aspirin Chemistry Standard Level Lab Report Data Collection and Processing and Conclusion and Evaluation Date: December 8th, 2011 Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to synthesize aspirin, determine the theoretical yield, compare the percent yield to the theoretical yield and test the purity of aspirin by adding Iron (III) chloride to the product. Hypothesis: I hypothesize that salicylic acid will react with acetic anhydride to produce acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and acetic acid (vinegar). Variables: Independent and controlled variables: The amount of sulfuric acid used for catalysis and the amount of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. Dependent variables: Theoretical and actual yield of†¦show more content†¦The aspirin crystals were washed by pouring 10 mL of water over them through the funnel. The filter paper, holding the aspirin crystals, was removed from the funnel and was left to dry before being weighed. Once the aspirin crystals were weighed, the theoretical yield and the percent yield of the experiment were calculated. The procedure was repeated once more using the same steps. Procedure for the test of purity of aspirin: 0.1 gram of salicylic acid was weighed in a tray and was then added to a test tube containing 2.0 mL of Iron (III) chloride, which was measured using a 10 mL graduated cylinder, to test for phenols. 0.1 gram of commercial aspirin was weighed in a tray and was then added to a second test tube containing 2.0 mL of Iron (III) chloride, which was measured using a 10 mL graduated cylinder, to test for phenols. This was repeated once more to validate results. 0.1 gram of my product from the first trial was weighed in a tray and was then added to a third test tube containing 2.0 mL of Iron (III) chloride, which was measured using a 10 mL graduated cylinder, to test for phenols. This was repeated once more to validate results. 0.1 gram of my product from the second trial was weighed in a tray and was then added to a fourth test tube containing 2.0 mL of Iron (III) chloride, which was measured using a 10 mL graduated cylinder, to test forShow MoreRelatedSynthesis Of Aspirin Synthesis825 Words   |  4 PagesSynthesis of Aspirin Erin Chase Arellano CHEM 12A ABSTRACT Acetylsalicylic or most commonly known as Aspirin is made through a combination of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. It is use to relieve mild to moderate pain such as muscle pain, headaches and common cold and reduce fever. The objective of this experiment was to synthesize aspirin from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. The purity of aspirin was tested using the ferric chloride test and % yield was also calculated. Below drawingRead MoreSynthesis of Aspirin1618 Words   |  7 Pagesobjective was to convert a specific amount of salicylic acid into the same amount of aspirin that was high in purity. Furthermore, the other objectives were to enable students to conduct the synthesis of aspirin, reinforce skills or recrystallisation and the technique of melting point determination. The amount of each compound should be the same because there is a 1:1 ratio between them. The purity of the synthesized aspirin was measured by determining its melting point and percent yield. Soluble impuritiesRead MoreExperiment : Synthesis Of Aspirin1147 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 6th, 2014 Experiment 5: Synthesis of Aspirin Abstract: In today’s experiment, aspirin was synthesized using salicylic acid, acetic anhydride, a catalyst (concentrated sulfuric acid), and water. The main goal of this experiment was to synthesize pure aspirin. Another goal was to test aspirin’s purity by running a TLC and getting a melting point test done. Also, calculations of the theoretical yield and percent yield were done. The final product (aspirin) percent yield was 18.247% yieldRead MoreThe Synthesis Of Aspirin ( Acetylsalicylic Acid )2045 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract This report presents the synthesis of Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), as the product of the reaction of salicylic acid with ethanoic anhydride under acidic conditions. Aspirin was purified through recrystallisation by vacuum filtration, followed by desiccation of the Aspirin crystal over silica gel. The percentage yield was calculated as 44.89% and a sample of Aspirin was analysed using infra-red spectroscopy and compared to the spectrum of pure Aspirin, this served as an introduction toRead MoreSynthesis of Aspirin Lab Report2989 Words   |  12 PagesAbstract: The goal of this experiment was to synthesize aspirin. In this experiment aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, was synthesized from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. In the reaction the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring in salicylic acid reacted with acetic anhydride to form an ester functional group. This method of forming acetylsalicylic acid is an esterification reaction. Since this esterification reaction is not spontaneous, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst to initiateRead MoreSynthesis and Characterization of Aspirin Product Identity and Purity After synthesizing a1000 Words   |  4 PagesSynthesis and Characterization of Aspirin Product Identity and Purity After synthesizing a chemical, especially a drug, it is important to confirm the identity and purity of the product. You will perform three tests to examine the identity and purity of the aspirin that you synthesized. One test will detect the presence of leftover salicylic acid in the synthesized aspirin and allow you to determine its concentration. Government regulations stipulate that commercial aspirin must not contain residualRead MoreMicroscale Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic Acid1211 Words   |  5 PagesSynthesis of Aspirin Ling Tecson Gamido, Mitchiko Mariel M. Mizukami Abstract Acetylsalicylic acid, or also known as aspirin is known to be a drug that relives people of pain and is commonly used even today. It is synthesized from salicylic acid and ethanoic anhydride, both of small quantities. Phosphoric acid was used as a catalyst in the synthesis to speed up the process. Esterification is involved and the final product is aspirin with the presence of acetic acid as the byproduct. In orderRead MorePreparation of Aspirin and Determination of the Melting Point1445 Words   |  6 PagesPREPARATION OF ASPIRIN AND DETERMINATION OF THE MELTING POINT Ferrer, Lara Melissa V. Faculty of Engineering University of Santo Tomas Manila, Philippines ABSTRACT This experiment involved three steps: synthesis of aspirin, isolation and purification, and the estimation of purity of the final product. The synthesis involved the reaction of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of a catalyst, phosphoric acid, H3PO4. When the aspirin was prepared, it was isolated and filtered. The percentageRead MoreThe Theory Of Green Chemistry On Microwave Heating Essay1532 Words   |  7 PagesObjective The current experiment introduces the concept of green chemistry on microwave heating to synthesise aspirin, instead of using conventional heating methods. Introduction Aspirin synthesis is a popular experiment undertaken in most organic chemistry teaching laboratories (Montes et al., 2006). Most experimental procedures for aspirin synthesis are undertaken to study the carbonyl nucleophilic substitution reactions either under basic or acidic conditions (Polshettiwar and Varma, 2008; VarmaRead MoreThe Synthesis Of A Medicinal Agent Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesThe Synthesis of a Medicinal Agent – Aspirin IDC 3002H – EMWH Dylan Chow 9/14/2016 Abstract: In this experiment, aspirin was synthesized from a reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. Acetic anhydride was added to salicylic acid to create a solution and phosphoric acid was added to catalyze the reaction. After the salicylic acid was fully dissolved in a boiling water bath, water would be added to decompose the remaining acetic anhydride. Through the process of filtration, aspirin

Animal Welfare Research Paper Free Essays

Feeding a Pitbull It is suggested that pitbull owners feed their pets the foods that have what the breed requires in nutritional value. The dog food should contain nutrient sources that are similar to that found in their native lands that their ancestors ate. The requirements for a pitbull are a balance of protein, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Welfare Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many dogs are taken to the vet because of nutritional related problems. If the dog is not getting the proper nutrients that their diet requires they can suffer from dry/itchy/flaky skin, hot spots, yeast infections in the ears, or thyroid-liver-kidney problems. The best diet for the pitbull is one that the owner makes fresh, using quality ingredients, without preservatives. Preparing home cooked meals for a dog can be less expensive than buying the average all-breed or any-breed pet food. Native foods for this breed would have been yellow corn, soy meal, rice, venison and fish. Recommended foods for this breed would be foods that contain soy, corn, brown rice, beef and poultry. This breed needs a high fiber and low carbohydrate diet. Avoid feeding this breed foods with a high fat or high starch content. Do not feed this breed any supplemental vitamin C, such as ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, or ascorbal Palmitate because these can cause kidney and liver damage to the breed. The best food for your dog is real food, not people food, but food like real chicken, turkey, beef, bison, venison, lamb, fish, some fruits and vegetables, occasionally yogurt and eggs. Vitamins and best sources Vitamin A Palmitate Vitamin B-1 Thiamine Hcl Yeast Vitamin B-2 Riboflavin Yeast Vitamin B-6 Pyridoxine Hcl Yeast Vitamin B-12 Cyanocobalamin Yeast Vitamin D D-activated Sterol Vitamin E dl-alpha tocopherol acetate Niacinamide Biotin Folic Acid D-Calcium Pantothenate Para Amino Benzoic Acid Minerals and best sources Calcium Bone Meal Copper Gluconate Iodine Sea Kelp Iron Ferrour Fumerate Magnesium Magnesium- Gluconate Manganese Manganese-Gluconate Phosphorus Bone Meal Potassium Potassium-Gluconate Zinc Zinc-Gluconate Habitat There is no such thing as a natural habitat for domesticated dogs such as the terrier breeds, and it would be easier to describe the places where they couldn’t and would have a hard time surviving. Extremely cold places and extremely warm places with no shade can really do some harm to this breed. The basic cage size for an American pitbull terrier would be 36 inches long, 23 inches wide, and 25 inches high. The metal cages are preferred because they can be folded down and stored away when they are not in use. The metal cages also give the dog a 360-degree visual of their surroundings. The plastic cages are more for the puppies and for transporting the dogs. Health Care Hip dysplasia is a serious problem in pitbulls. There were x-rays done of 480 pitbulls and 22% were found to have hip dysplasia. Elbow dysplasia is another serious problem in pitbulls. There were over 100 pitbulls that were x-rayed and 14% were found to have elbow dysplasia. This is the 15th worst rate in 82 breeds. Other orthopedic diseases in pitbulls are luxating patella and osteochondritis. American pitbull terriers have the 4th highest rate for hypothyroidism in 140 breeds. Vets are seeing heart disease in an increasing number of dogs in this breed. Skin problems are very common in this breed and can range from allergies to demodectic mange. Tumors and cancer are also a serious concern with this breed. Eye disease is also very common and can include progressive retinal atrophy, cataracts, and entropion. Inherited deafness can occur within pitbull puppies that have a lot of white on their heads. Depending on the gender of your dog there are many pro’s and con’s to getting these dogs spayed or neutered. Female Pro’s * Spaying prevents the nuisance of heat periods * Spaying prevents uterine infections * Spaying prevents false pregnancies * Spaying prevents real pregnancies Spaying offers partial protection against breast cancer * Spaying prevents cancer of the uterus and ovaries * Spaying may mean lower licensing fees Female Con’s * Spaying doubles the risk of obesity * Spaying increases the risk of the deadly cancer called hemangiosarcoma * Spaying triples the risk of hypothyroidism * Spaying is a major surgery and requires general anesthesia * If done at the wrong age, spaying increases the ris k of hip dysplasia, ligament rupture, osteosarcoma (bone cancer), and urinary incontinence Male Pro’s Neutering may mean lower licensing fees * Neutering reduces leg-lifting * Neutering reduces dominance and aggression * Neutering reduces the risk of your dog being attacked by other male dogs * Neutering helps re-focus your dogs’ attention from other dogs to YOU * Neutering reduces sexual behaviors * Neutering calms you dog around unspayed females * Neutering reduces the risk of prostate disorders * Neutering prevents testicular cancer * Neutering reduces the risk of perianal fistula Neutering helps prevent your dog from breeding Male Con’s * Neutering triples the risk of obesity * Neutering increases the risk of a deadly cancer called hemangiosarcoma * Neutering triples the risk of hypothyroidism * Neutering increases the risk of geriatric cognitive impairment * If done at the wrong age, neutering increases the risk of hip dysplasia, ligament rupture, and osteo sarcoma (bone cancer) Restricted Use: The American Pitbull Terrier breed is one of the most mistreated and misunderstood breed of dog there is. Because of this misinterpretation of the breed many counties, even states, have banned this breed. This is why there are so many of them euthanized or put in kennels. Many people are afraid of this breed because of stories on the news about a dog attack and they automatically assume that it was a pitbull that did it but in reality it was either a golden retriever or a german shepherd that caused the attack. Pitbulls were not bred to be attack dogs, they were bred to be work dogs and then got bred to be family dogs and they are terrific family dogs. How to cite Animal Welfare Research Paper, Essays

Classical And Romantic Eras Of Music Essay Example For Students

Classical And Romantic Eras Of Music Essay Throughout the advancement of these two eras there were a lot of new additions to the music world. After the baroque period composers began to get a sense of individuality and an ability to make a living off of their music. The classical period consisted of composers appealing to the amateur musicians and experienced musicians altogether. The composers began to turn to freelance musicians and ultimately wanted to benefit from their work. This was not the same with the romantic period. Although composers were still very motivated to benefit from their USIA in ever day life, they wanted their music to be easily identified. They wanted you to know who had composed the piece when you heard it and remember that. The harmonies of these two eras were also similar but like the composing role there was a little more that romantic composers wanted out of the music. The harmony was very identifiable in both of these periods and they liked it that way. Classical music harmonies used the major and minor scale and instituted dissonance to add to the piece. We will write a custom essay on Classical And Romantic Eras Of Music specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They wanted the dissonance to spice the music up a bit in a sense of excitement and suspense. The romantic period harmony was a time where the composers were making the pieces longer. The symphonies of the romantic era are longer than the classical era. The use of harmony in the romantic era also sheered away from the major and minor scale to make the pieces rich in a sense and full of color. There was a lot of experimentation in the romantic era with harmony, instruments, and everything that made up the music. There was a very major sense of Just wondering exactly they could do with all the music, seeing how everything would be if they used it different way. The style of performance was also changed or modified in a sense. During the classical period the audience knew that the music was changing. The audience yearned for the music to be made for a specific type of performer so that performer could give them the very best music of that type. The cadenza was used throughout performances to show the audience the strength of that certain performer. During the romantic period the cadenza piece was written prepared before hand instead of the performer kind of winging it. The romantic period was also a very expanding era through the orchestra. Concert halls were growing so they needed more performing musicians. The style and form of these two eras were vastly similar. The traditional classic form moved on to the romantic era but this was an era for expanding them and in a sense letting them on their own. The form of the romantic period was very free unlike the classical era, which was very balanced. As I mentioned earlier the symphonies were longer and also the addition of the symphonic poem came through the romantic period. These two periods had some of the most prolific composers in musical history. The three main composers from the classical era are widely known: Ludwig van Beethoven, Joseph Haydn, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Haydn was one of the most talented composers of this nine lineup. The Austrian composed for Prince Strachey for thirty years and lived out a long life. Haydn did very well with the symphony and the string quartet for starters. Classical And Romantic Eras Of Music By weatherman The major surprising and emphasized part of the piece is when the loud chord comes crashing down through a mainly calm piece before then. This is a large part of the classical era with a sense of surprise and having a piece people wanted to be able to distinguish. Mozart was another major music fugue from this era. Mozart is very underrated in my opinion or more overshadowed. Being a child prodigy already had everything in place for Mozart who continued the excellence into adulthood. .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd , .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .postImageUrl , .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd , .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd:hover , .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd:visited , .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd:active { border:0!important; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd:active , .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music vs Sport, a Superflous Rivalary EssayThe amount of passion and work Mozart put into his pieces brings me to his Symphony No. 40 in G Minor. It is a very good symphony when it comes to the classical period speed. It is a quicker symphony that has a nice accompaniment of instruments with it to continue a steady rhythm. The last major composer of the classical period I want to point out is Beethoven. I have known about Beethoven from a young age when I learned to play piano and have always had the utmost respect. The perfectionist attitude and hard work Beethoven put into his work was incredible. The piece that he completed called Ode to JOY was a very perfect example of classical era music. A consistent chord and note for a strong rhythm. As the piece progresses there are harder and more emphasized notes that give it its uniqueness. Moving onto the romantic period the composers that I personally would highlight are: Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, and Giaconda Puccini. Schubert was a major workhorse who produced hundreds of pieces. All of his pieces have a mass amount of moods instituted into them, which is also a big part of romantic music. Die Foreleg was Schubert piece that was very important of this era. The use of nature and a simpler piece make this piece very romantic era. The sense of not using balance and proportion anymore like in the classical era was huge for the romantic era. Robert Schumann was a very good writer, which I believe, also fueled his talent in music history. The emotional nature of his pieces is a big reason why he is part of the romantic era. Reconnaissance is his piece that I really enjoy in the simplicity and emotion that is put into the piece. The repeated notes that make the piece unique are consistent and make the listener feel the emotions of the piece. Puccini, who took over the role of the most important Italian opera composer, hugely showed his talents on the opera scene. Making the opera a more individual sense like everyday people was a big fuel of his popularity. Gaining fortune from his play Mammon Leaches, he became even better known after La Bohemia. The plot of this opera is held very dear to the audience throughout. The sense of this play being Just like the Romeo and Juliet plot that everyone had a soft spot for. The simplicity of his operas was a major factor that kept him successful and a big part of the romantic period too.

The Progressive Era Essay Sample free essay sample

The Progressive Era. at its most progressive clip in history. 1900-1918 The Progressive came from a long tradition of middle-class people with a strong sense of societal responsibility to the hapless. The societal high-ups wherein aristocratic. native stock was at the top and the hapless along with the darker skinned were at the underside. was accepted by the group. But enacted in their function as privileged members of society was a certain grade of duty for the less fortunate ( Txt Wikipedia Encyclopedia Progressive country ) . Turning up in this societal category. Eleanor Roosevelt remarked. â€Å"In that society you were sort of hapless. you didn’t beneficent responsibilities. you assisted the infirmaries and did something for the needy. † The progressive epoch is alone in that this impulse spread to further an across-the-board temper and consequence for reform. From husbandmans to politicians. the demand for alteration and for direct duty for the country’s a ilments became paramount and spread from societal service to news media. We will write a custom essay sample on The Progressive Era Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During his presidential term Theodore Roosevelt commented on the demand: â€Å"No strict regulation can be laid down every bit to the manner in which such work [ Reform ] must be done. But most surely everyman. whatever his place should endeavor to make it in some manner and to some grade. † ( Theodor Roosevelt ) The Progressive EraThe Progressive Era consisted of of import motions of our clip. these motions challenged traditional relationships and attitudes affecting working conditions. unregulated industrial developments to call a few. Rather than trust on traditional Partisan Politics progressive reform began at the local and province degrees. They believe that industrialisation and urbanisation had produced serious societal upsets ; they sought to accomplish societal order through organisation. Industrial growing affected factory workers straight. 60 per centum of male staff of life victors made less than a life pay. endurance needed adult females and kids to work in lowest paid and exploited places. The United States had the highest rate of industrial accidents. Half a million workers were injured and 30. 000 killed each twelvemonth at work. Progressive Protestant curates introduced spiritual moralss into industrial dealingss. Known as the Social Gospel motion. to appeal to churches in a manner to run into their spiritual societal duty. By associating the Gospel motion it gave progressivism a powerful moral thrust. Economists rejected larssez-faire rules in favour of State action to carry through societal development ( page 581 ) . Journalists besides spread reform thoughts by developing a new signifier of fact-finding describing known as â€Å"muckraking. †President Theodore Roosevelt praised the â€Å"Gospel of efficiency. † He admired the corporations in using direction techniques to steer economic growing ( page 582 ) . The American Federation of Labor ( AFL ) claimed 4 million members by 1920. enrolling skilled workers native-born white males. A more extremist brotherhood tried to form mineworkers. lumbermans. Mexican and Nipponese farm workers in the West. The Industrial Workers of the World ( IWW ) known as â€Å"wobbies† used sit-down work stoppages. sit-ins. and aggregate mass meetings. these tactics where adopted by other industrial brotherhoods in the 1930’s and the civil rights motion in the 1960’s. Women reformists and their organisations played a cardinal function in progressivism. They responded non simply to human agony but besides to related alterations to their ain position and function. Women besides joined or created other organisations that pushed beyond the bounds of traditions. The spearheads for societal reform were colony houses. Soon colony workers saw that the root of the job for immigrants was widespread poorness. Crusades for sanitation and lodging reform demonstrated the impact that societal reformists frequently had on urban life. Settlement workers ab initio undertook private attempts to better society finally they concluded thatlone authorities intercession could accomplish societal justness. Social reformists besides lobbied for Torahs modulating rewards. hours. and working conditions of adult females and succeeded in holding provinces from New York to Oregon base on balls maximum-hours statute law. The National Child Labor Committee was organized in 1904 to restrict kid labour. most had no minimal on the job age boulder clay 1914. Protective statute law for adult females posed a distressing issue for reformists. Progressive Era lawgivers adopted limited protective statute law which measures reflecting belief that adult females needed paternalist protection. this excluded them from certain businesss. established a minimal pay for adult females which was normally below degree subsistence rates. this was to reenforce women’s low-level topographic point in the labour force. Social Justice Reformers forged the beginnings of the public assistance province in farther statute law. Compared to the societal insurance plans in the Western Europe. nevertheless. these were lame responses to the societal effects of industrialisation. Proposals for wellness insurance. unemployment insurance. and old age pension plans went nowhere. Between 1880 and 1920 things like kindergartens. age-gr aded simple schools. professional preparation for instructors. vocational instruction. parent-teacher associations and school nurses became standard elements in American instruction. Public instruction in the South lagged behind the North. Northern philanthropic gift and southern reformists brought some betterments after 1900. Although most imperfects focused on the metropolis. others sought to reform rural life. both to overhaul its societal and economic conditions and to incorporate it more to the full into the larger society. Agricultural scientists. authorities functionaries. and many concern involvement besides sought to advance efficient. scientific. and commercial agribusiness. Rural people were drawn into the larger urban-industrial society during the Progressive Era. Government bureaus. agricultural colleges. and railwaies and Bankss steadily tied husbandmans to urban markets. Telephones and rural free bringing of mail lessened countryside isolation. Moral reform motions such as commanding immigrants. prohibition. stamp downing harlotry. black activism to call a few. frequently looking misguided or unduly coercive today. reflected the progressive hope to protect people in a debilitating environment. These attempts to determine society tended toward societal control. these attempts frequently meshed with the restrictive attitudes that conservative Americans held approximately race. faith. in-migration. and morality. Progressivism had its sarcasms and paradoxes it called for democratic reforms but helped disenfranchise black Southerners and northern immigrants. recommending societal justness but frequently implemented societal control. it endorsed ordinance of concern in the public involvement but forged regulative Torahs and committees that tended to assistance concern. The success and failure of progressivism revealed that the nature of political relations and authorities had changed significantly. The Great War would expose many of the restrictions of progressivism and the naivete of the progressives’ optimism. The outgrowth of an activist presidential term. capable of developing plans. mobilising public sentiment. and directing Congress. and taking forceful action. epitomized this key development. these of import characteristics would be important when the state fought World War 1.

Transitive Twist on Agree

Transitive Twist on Agree Transitive Twist on â€Å"Agree† Transitive Twist on â€Å"Agree† By Maeve Maddox A DWT reader wonders about the following uses of the verb agree in a British publication: In a November white paper laying out its vision for independence, Scotland said it would expect to agree a mechanism with London, whereby it would gradually refinance its share of the UKs debt as gilts matured. Under the proposed legislation, the US would place even tougher international restrictions on Iranian oil exports if it fails to agree a final nuclear deal over the next six months. Says the reader, In both, agree is used without a preposition following it. To my Canadian ears, this sounds odd. Is this a chiefly British use or did I simply miss that grammar class? When must one use a preposition with agree and when is it best avoided? Until this reader pointed it out, I’d never noticed this usage. A cursory web search leads me to believe that it is an aberration of British English and may be creeping into American usage by way of journalists who cover European news for the international market. I found this naked agree in respected British publications: Blackberry and Foxconn agree a five-year deal BBC News Business Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger could agree a new three-year contract as early as this week as Stan Kroenke jets in to London The Independent Belfast pub bosses quit over a failure to agree lease Belfast Telegraph I found the usage on a British banking site: Agreeing a formal overdraft is fee free and keeping within your limit is a cost-effective way to manage your account. Agree your overdraft limit in advance. It occurs in a headline about U.S. affairs at an international news site: Democrat and Republican negotiators agree a new spending bill to put before Congress Euronews And it occurs at Forbes.com in a headline over an article written by a European correspondent: Time For ECB To Agree A New Plan For  Cyprus It has even found its way into the OED in a quotation from 2007: This does not stop retrials being ordered where the jury has failed to agree a verdict. C. Elliott F. Quinn Eng. Legal Syst. (ed. 8) iv. xxiv. 549. I find this usage not only odd, but extremely disagreeable. For me, agree is an intransitive verb. It does not take an object. A jury agrees on a verdict. Friends agree with each other. Countries agree to a plan. So far, the transitive usage that has countries â€Å"agree plans† and bank customers â€Å"agree overdraft limits† is distinctly British usage. May it remain so. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†English Grammar 101: Verb MoodDrama vs. Melodrama

How to Use Pathos in a Persuasive Essay

How to Use Pathos in a Persuasive Essay How to Use Pathos in a Persuasive Essay When it comes to writing, a persuasive essay is geared towards positing arguments that will convince your audience that your views and ideas are valid and should be accepted. Of course, your arguments must be strong enough to convince and groundbreaking to reason with people’s opinions. It means that here a form of data submission plays an important role and you must present statements in a persuasive manner. You can do this through three main techniques, and they include ethos, pathos and logos. Ethos simply means the concept of convincing people through authoritative stats or experienced and well-known people. This stems from the fact that we tend to believe and agree with the ones who we respect much and trust their judgments. Logos means persuasion based on the unaided power of human reason. Human reasoning is used as the main concept, as the audience is called to deeply consider the idea posited, so as to confirm its veracity with both inductive and deductive reasoning. But the main concept that must be mentioned is pathos. It presupposes using an appeal to emotions to get the reader to believe in what you write. Here, the core persuasion lies on the emotional side of people’s minds and the choice of language. However, this seems to be the most difficult, as you have to find out what the audience is emotionally attached to. When you do, you put them in that mood so that all the ideas you posit will be well received by them. The in-thing here is that you must have a good knowledge of the psychology of the human mind in general and that of the audience in particular. With this, you can work on their psyche to make them either very angry towards a circumstance or very happy as the case may be. This has many options that can make it fly. Creating a feeling of shame, or lack of it, kindness or lack of it or even emulation can go a long way in making people pay attention to your arguments and discuss them. This is actually the most used method for persuasive writing in religion and politics. It is based on the saying that â€Å"in a two horse race, emotion wins the argument instead of reason.† You use the pathos method to invoke some level of sympathy from the audience, based on anger and calmness, friendship and enmity, shame and shamelessness, pity and indignation, kindness and unkindness, envy and emulation, etc. When you want to pose an argument in the pathos manner, you have to know what their state or mind of audience is, where their emotions are directed and why they feel the way they do. When you set out to ague, make use of rhetorical and stylistic devices, choose the best and most appropriate words, make the rightful delivery with proper tones, volume and speed, use metaphor and try to tell a story. You must also use the right frame of mind. Be authentic, don’t sound unreal and be human in the argument. For instance, you can campaign for an elective post by expanding about people dying because of bad governance. In terms of advertisements, it can involve making people feel empathy for animals and animal rights group by showing images of abused animals. As you can see, there are many ways to use pathos in persuasive paper writing and it will surely be beneficial for you arguments. Make appeal to emotions and your essay will be extremely convincing!

Fair Values in Accounting for Financial Instruments Assignment - 1

Fair Values in Accounting for Financial Instruments - Assignment Example AASB 139 defines a fair value as â€Å"the amount for which a liability or an asset may be exchanged between willing and knowledgeable parties in an arms length business deal†. Therefore, fair value accounting is a financial measurement of liabilities and assets of a company at fair value (Kemp, 2005, pp. 1-2). As a consequence of the synchronization of international accounting standards and additional disclosure requirements regarding risk and volatility, companies are changing from historical cost accounting to fair value accounting. Fair value accounting provides the users of financial statements present economic state of affairs of a company and presents a better manifestation of market values liabilities and assets, and consequently, the actual company’s worth. The companys financial statements become more relevant and useful in the marketplace for decision-making. In addition, fair value shows changes in economic conditions; thus, application of fair value for all financial assets allows investors to obtain a fairer and truer view of the actual financial situation of a company (Ryan, 2008, pp.3-4). Fair value accounting offers more comparable, accurate and timely information to investors and reflects recent information regarding future cash flows. Furthermore, in view of the fact that fair value reveals current conditions of the market, it offers comparability of the financial instruments value purchased at dissimilar times in determining the risks and value of financial instruments range (Landsman, 2006, pp.4-5) Fair value accounting also comprises of the significance and probability of all promising future cash flows and brings up to date the sharing of cash flows in future for fresh information regularly. Consequently, stakeholders and capital providers become more up to date when there is an adverse sharing of cash flows in future. Fair value accounting