Essay on Synthesis of Aspirin - 5275 Words

The Synthesis of Aspirin Chemistry Standard Level Lab Report Data Collection and Processing and Conclusion and Evaluation Date: December 8th, 2011 Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to synthesize aspirin, determine the theoretical yield, compare the percent yield to the theoretical yield and test the purity of aspirin by adding Iron (III) chloride to the product. Hypothesis: I hypothesize that salicylic acid will react with acetic anhydride to produce acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and acetic acid (vinegar). Variables: Independent and controlled variables: The amount of sulfuric acid used for catalysis and the amount of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. Dependent variables: Theoretical and actual yield of†¦show more content†¦The aspirin crystals were washed by pouring 10 mL of water over them through the funnel. The filter paper, holding the aspirin crystals, was removed from the funnel and was left to dry before being weighed. Once the aspirin crystals were weighed, the theoretical yield and the percent yield of the experiment were calculated. The procedure was repeated once more using the same steps. Procedure for the test of purity of aspirin: 0.1 gram of salicylic acid was weighed in a tray and was then added to a test tube containing 2.0 mL of Iron (III) chloride, which was measured using a 10 mL graduated cylinder, to test for phenols. 0.1 gram of commercial aspirin was weighed in a tray and was then added to a second test tube containing 2.0 mL of Iron (III) chloride, which was measured using a 10 mL graduated cylinder, to test for phenols. This was repeated once more to validate results. 0.1 gram of my product from the first trial was weighed in a tray and was then added to a third test tube containing 2.0 mL of Iron (III) chloride, which was measured using a 10 mL graduated cylinder, to test for phenols. This was repeated once more to validate results. 0.1 gram of my product from the second trial was weighed in a tray and was then added to a fourth test tube containing 2.0 mL of Iron (III) chloride, which was measured using a 10 mL graduated cylinder, to test forShow MoreRelatedSynthesis Of Aspirin Synthesis825 Words   |  4 PagesSynthesis of Aspirin Erin Chase Arellano CHEM 12A ABSTRACT Acetylsalicylic or most commonly known as Aspirin is made through a combination of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. It is use to relieve mild to moderate pain such as muscle pain, headaches and common cold and reduce fever. The objective of this experiment was to synthesize aspirin from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. The purity of aspirin was tested using the ferric chloride test and % yield was also calculated. Below drawingRead MoreSynthesis of Aspirin1618 Words   |  7 Pagesobjective was to convert a specific amount of salicylic acid into the same amount of aspirin that was high in purity. Furthermore, the other objectives were to enable students to conduct the synthesis of aspirin, reinforce skills or recrystallisation and the technique of melting point determination. The amount of each compound should be the same because there is a 1:1 ratio between them. The purity of the synthesized aspirin was measured by determining its melting point and percent yield. Soluble impuritiesRead MoreExperiment : Synthesis Of Aspirin1147 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 6th, 2014 Experiment 5: Synthesis of Aspirin Abstract: In today’s experiment, aspirin was synthesized using salicylic acid, acetic anhydride, a catalyst (concentrated sulfuric acid), and water. The main goal of this experiment was to synthesize pure aspirin. Another goal was to test aspirin’s purity by running a TLC and getting a melting point test done. Also, calculations of the theoretical yield and percent yield were done. The final product (aspirin) percent yield was 18.247% yieldRead MoreThe Synthesis Of Aspirin ( Acetylsalicylic Acid )2045 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract This report presents the synthesis of Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), as the product of the reaction of salicylic acid with ethanoic anhydride under acidic conditions. Aspirin was purified through recrystallisation by vacuum filtration, followed by desiccation of the Aspirin crystal over silica gel. The percentage yield was calculated as 44.89% and a sample of Aspirin was analysed using infra-red spectroscopy and compared to the spectrum of pure Aspirin, this served as an introduction toRead MoreSynthesis of Aspirin Lab Report2989 Words   |  12 PagesAbstract: The goal of this experiment was to synthesize aspirin. In this experiment aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, was synthesized from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. In the reaction the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring in salicylic acid reacted with acetic anhydride to form an ester functional group. This method of forming acetylsalicylic acid is an esterification reaction. Since this esterification reaction is not spontaneous, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst to initiateRead MoreSynthesis and Characterization of Aspirin Product Identity and Purity After synthesizing a1000 Words   |  4 PagesSynthesis and Characterization of Aspirin Product Identity and Purity After synthesizing a chemical, especially a drug, it is important to confirm the identity and purity of the product. You will perform three tests to examine the identity and purity of the aspirin that you synthesized. One test will detect the presence of leftover salicylic acid in the synthesized aspirin and allow you to determine its concentration. Government regulations stipulate that commercial aspirin must not contain residualRead MoreMicroscale Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic Acid1211 Words   |  5 PagesSynthesis of Aspirin Ling Tecson Gamido, Mitchiko Mariel M. Mizukami Abstract Acetylsalicylic acid, or also known as aspirin is known to be a drug that relives people of pain and is commonly used even today. It is synthesized from salicylic acid and ethanoic anhydride, both of small quantities. Phosphoric acid was used as a catalyst in the synthesis to speed up the process. Esterification is involved and the final product is aspirin with the presence of acetic acid as the byproduct. In orderRead MorePreparation of Aspirin and Determination of the Melting Point1445 Words   |  6 PagesPREPARATION OF ASPIRIN AND DETERMINATION OF THE MELTING POINT Ferrer, Lara Melissa V. Faculty of Engineering University of Santo Tomas Manila, Philippines ABSTRACT This experiment involved three steps: synthesis of aspirin, isolation and purification, and the estimation of purity of the final product. The synthesis involved the reaction of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of a catalyst, phosphoric acid, H3PO4. When the aspirin was prepared, it was isolated and filtered. The percentageRead MoreThe Theory Of Green Chemistry On Microwave Heating Essay1532 Words   |  7 PagesObjective The current experiment introduces the concept of green chemistry on microwave heating to synthesise aspirin, instead of using conventional heating methods. Introduction Aspirin synthesis is a popular experiment undertaken in most organic chemistry teaching laboratories (Montes et al., 2006). Most experimental procedures for aspirin synthesis are undertaken to study the carbonyl nucleophilic substitution reactions either under basic or acidic conditions (Polshettiwar and Varma, 2008; VarmaRead MoreThe Synthesis Of A Medicinal Agent Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesThe Synthesis of a Medicinal Agent – Aspirin IDC 3002H – EMWH Dylan Chow 9/14/2016 Abstract: In this experiment, aspirin was synthesized from a reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. Acetic anhydride was added to salicylic acid to create a solution and phosphoric acid was added to catalyze the reaction. After the salicylic acid was fully dissolved in a boiling water bath, water would be added to decompose the remaining acetic anhydride. Through the process of filtration, aspirin

Animal Welfare Research Paper Free Essays

Feeding a Pitbull It is suggested that pitbull owners feed their pets the foods that have what the breed requires in nutritional value. The dog food should contain nutrient sources that are similar to that found in their native lands that their ancestors ate. The requirements for a pitbull are a balance of protein, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Welfare Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many dogs are taken to the vet because of nutritional related problems. If the dog is not getting the proper nutrients that their diet requires they can suffer from dry/itchy/flaky skin, hot spots, yeast infections in the ears, or thyroid-liver-kidney problems. The best diet for the pitbull is one that the owner makes fresh, using quality ingredients, without preservatives. Preparing home cooked meals for a dog can be less expensive than buying the average all-breed or any-breed pet food. Native foods for this breed would have been yellow corn, soy meal, rice, venison and fish. Recommended foods for this breed would be foods that contain soy, corn, brown rice, beef and poultry. This breed needs a high fiber and low carbohydrate diet. Avoid feeding this breed foods with a high fat or high starch content. Do not feed this breed any supplemental vitamin C, such as ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, or ascorbal Palmitate because these can cause kidney and liver damage to the breed. The best food for your dog is real food, not people food, but food like real chicken, turkey, beef, bison, venison, lamb, fish, some fruits and vegetables, occasionally yogurt and eggs. Vitamins and best sources Vitamin A Palmitate Vitamin B-1 Thiamine Hcl Yeast Vitamin B-2 Riboflavin Yeast Vitamin B-6 Pyridoxine Hcl Yeast Vitamin B-12 Cyanocobalamin Yeast Vitamin D D-activated Sterol Vitamin E dl-alpha tocopherol acetate Niacinamide Biotin Folic Acid D-Calcium Pantothenate Para Amino Benzoic Acid Minerals and best sources Calcium Bone Meal Copper Gluconate Iodine Sea Kelp Iron Ferrour Fumerate Magnesium Magnesium- Gluconate Manganese Manganese-Gluconate Phosphorus Bone Meal Potassium Potassium-Gluconate Zinc Zinc-Gluconate Habitat There is no such thing as a natural habitat for domesticated dogs such as the terrier breeds, and it would be easier to describe the places where they couldn’t and would have a hard time surviving. Extremely cold places and extremely warm places with no shade can really do some harm to this breed. The basic cage size for an American pitbull terrier would be 36 inches long, 23 inches wide, and 25 inches high. The metal cages are preferred because they can be folded down and stored away when they are not in use. The metal cages also give the dog a 360-degree visual of their surroundings. The plastic cages are more for the puppies and for transporting the dogs. Health Care Hip dysplasia is a serious problem in pitbulls. There were x-rays done of 480 pitbulls and 22% were found to have hip dysplasia. Elbow dysplasia is another serious problem in pitbulls. There were over 100 pitbulls that were x-rayed and 14% were found to have elbow dysplasia. This is the 15th worst rate in 82 breeds. Other orthopedic diseases in pitbulls are luxating patella and osteochondritis. American pitbull terriers have the 4th highest rate for hypothyroidism in 140 breeds. Vets are seeing heart disease in an increasing number of dogs in this breed. Skin problems are very common in this breed and can range from allergies to demodectic mange. Tumors and cancer are also a serious concern with this breed. Eye disease is also very common and can include progressive retinal atrophy, cataracts, and entropion. Inherited deafness can occur within pitbull puppies that have a lot of white on their heads. Depending on the gender of your dog there are many pro’s and con’s to getting these dogs spayed or neutered. Female Pro’s * Spaying prevents the nuisance of heat periods * Spaying prevents uterine infections * Spaying prevents false pregnancies * Spaying prevents real pregnancies Spaying offers partial protection against breast cancer * Spaying prevents cancer of the uterus and ovaries * Spaying may mean lower licensing fees Female Con’s * Spaying doubles the risk of obesity * Spaying increases the risk of the deadly cancer called hemangiosarcoma * Spaying triples the risk of hypothyroidism * Spaying is a major surgery and requires general anesthesia * If done at the wrong age, spaying increases the ris k of hip dysplasia, ligament rupture, osteosarcoma (bone cancer), and urinary incontinence Male Pro’s Neutering may mean lower licensing fees * Neutering reduces leg-lifting * Neutering reduces dominance and aggression * Neutering reduces the risk of your dog being attacked by other male dogs * Neutering helps re-focus your dogs’ attention from other dogs to YOU * Neutering reduces sexual behaviors * Neutering calms you dog around unspayed females * Neutering reduces the risk of prostate disorders * Neutering prevents testicular cancer * Neutering reduces the risk of perianal fistula Neutering helps prevent your dog from breeding Male Con’s * Neutering triples the risk of obesity * Neutering increases the risk of a deadly cancer called hemangiosarcoma * Neutering triples the risk of hypothyroidism * Neutering increases the risk of geriatric cognitive impairment * If done at the wrong age, neutering increases the risk of hip dysplasia, ligament rupture, and osteo sarcoma (bone cancer) Restricted Use: The American Pitbull Terrier breed is one of the most mistreated and misunderstood breed of dog there is. Because of this misinterpretation of the breed many counties, even states, have banned this breed. This is why there are so many of them euthanized or put in kennels. Many people are afraid of this breed because of stories on the news about a dog attack and they automatically assume that it was a pitbull that did it but in reality it was either a golden retriever or a german shepherd that caused the attack. Pitbulls were not bred to be attack dogs, they were bred to be work dogs and then got bred to be family dogs and they are terrific family dogs. How to cite Animal Welfare Research Paper, Essays

Classical And Romantic Eras Of Music Essay Example For Students

Classical And Romantic Eras Of Music Essay Throughout the advancement of these two eras there were a lot of new additions to the music world. After the baroque period composers began to get a sense of individuality and an ability to make a living off of their music. The classical period consisted of composers appealing to the amateur musicians and experienced musicians altogether. The composers began to turn to freelance musicians and ultimately wanted to benefit from their work. This was not the same with the romantic period. Although composers were still very motivated to benefit from their USIA in ever day life, they wanted their music to be easily identified. They wanted you to know who had composed the piece when you heard it and remember that. The harmonies of these two eras were also similar but like the composing role there was a little more that romantic composers wanted out of the music. The harmony was very identifiable in both of these periods and they liked it that way. Classical music harmonies used the major and minor scale and instituted dissonance to add to the piece. We will write a custom essay on Classical And Romantic Eras Of Music specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They wanted the dissonance to spice the music up a bit in a sense of excitement and suspense. The romantic period harmony was a time where the composers were making the pieces longer. The symphonies of the romantic era are longer than the classical era. The use of harmony in the romantic era also sheered away from the major and minor scale to make the pieces rich in a sense and full of color. There was a lot of experimentation in the romantic era with harmony, instruments, and everything that made up the music. There was a very major sense of Just wondering exactly they could do with all the music, seeing how everything would be if they used it different way. The style of performance was also changed or modified in a sense. During the classical period the audience knew that the music was changing. The audience yearned for the music to be made for a specific type of performer so that performer could give them the very best music of that type. The cadenza was used throughout performances to show the audience the strength of that certain performer. During the romantic period the cadenza piece was written prepared before hand instead of the performer kind of winging it. The romantic period was also a very expanding era through the orchestra. Concert halls were growing so they needed more performing musicians. The style and form of these two eras were vastly similar. The traditional classic form moved on to the romantic era but this was an era for expanding them and in a sense letting them on their own. The form of the romantic period was very free unlike the classical era, which was very balanced. As I mentioned earlier the symphonies were longer and also the addition of the symphonic poem came through the romantic period. These two periods had some of the most prolific composers in musical history. The three main composers from the classical era are widely known: Ludwig van Beethoven, Joseph Haydn, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Haydn was one of the most talented composers of this nine lineup. The Austrian composed for Prince Strachey for thirty years and lived out a long life. Haydn did very well with the symphony and the string quartet for starters. Classical And Romantic Eras Of Music By weatherman The major surprising and emphasized part of the piece is when the loud chord comes crashing down through a mainly calm piece before then. This is a large part of the classical era with a sense of surprise and having a piece people wanted to be able to distinguish. Mozart was another major music fugue from this era. Mozart is very underrated in my opinion or more overshadowed. Being a child prodigy already had everything in place for Mozart who continued the excellence into adulthood. .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd , .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .postImageUrl , .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd , .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd:hover , .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd:visited , .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd:active { border:0!important; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd:active , .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u14ed48af18121b07c23eedd2f0b34ecd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music vs Sport, a Superflous Rivalary EssayThe amount of passion and work Mozart put into his pieces brings me to his Symphony No. 40 in G Minor. It is a very good symphony when it comes to the classical period speed. It is a quicker symphony that has a nice accompaniment of instruments with it to continue a steady rhythm. The last major composer of the classical period I want to point out is Beethoven. I have known about Beethoven from a young age when I learned to play piano and have always had the utmost respect. The perfectionist attitude and hard work Beethoven put into his work was incredible. The piece that he completed called Ode to JOY was a very perfect example of classical era music. A consistent chord and note for a strong rhythm. As the piece progresses there are harder and more emphasized notes that give it its uniqueness. Moving onto the romantic period the composers that I personally would highlight are: Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, and Giaconda Puccini. Schubert was a major workhorse who produced hundreds of pieces. All of his pieces have a mass amount of moods instituted into them, which is also a big part of romantic music. Die Foreleg was Schubert piece that was very important of this era. The use of nature and a simpler piece make this piece very romantic era. The sense of not using balance and proportion anymore like in the classical era was huge for the romantic era. Robert Schumann was a very good writer, which I believe, also fueled his talent in music history. The emotional nature of his pieces is a big reason why he is part of the romantic era. Reconnaissance is his piece that I really enjoy in the simplicity and emotion that is put into the piece. The repeated notes that make the piece unique are consistent and make the listener feel the emotions of the piece. Puccini, who took over the role of the most important Italian opera composer, hugely showed his talents on the opera scene. Making the opera a more individual sense like everyday people was a big fuel of his popularity. Gaining fortune from his play Mammon Leaches, he became even better known after La Bohemia. The plot of this opera is held very dear to the audience throughout. The sense of this play being Just like the Romeo and Juliet plot that everyone had a soft spot for. The simplicity of his operas was a major factor that kept him successful and a big part of the romantic period too.